History Of Geographic Information Systems ( Gis )

The History of Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a way that information can embedded into and retrieved from maps, today this is done using computers, because of the complexity of the information that can be used, but was once done manually. GIS has become common place in the modern world that we live in, they are useful for simple things such basic maps to much more complex tasks including research and statistics, city planning, as well as many more. One of the first uses of a GIS was in the fight against cholera, first Charles Picquet produced a map of 48 districts in Paris that displayed the number of deaths from cholera per 1000 inhabitants using a colour gradient (Bagais, 2012). Then in 1854 John Snow, an English doctor, created a GIS map of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London. His map used points to show where each case of cholera had occurred, through the use of this technique he was able to determine that the cause of the cholera outbreak was a water pump located on Broad Street, of w hich he removed the handle and ended the epidemic (Johnson, 2006). The development of GIS was very slow in these early years, and it was not until the early 20th century that any real advancement in GIS was seen, this was because of the increasing development of photozincography (Cook, 2002). 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